<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461</id><updated>2012-02-14T13:28:07.569Z</updated><title type='text'>Aesthetics and Other Philosophies · Estética e Outras Filosofias</title><subtitle type='html'>&lt;small&gt;SÉRGIO DIAS BRANCO&lt;/small&gt;</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>53</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8752716712139562401</id><published>2012-02-14T13:10:00.004Z</published><updated>2012-02-14T13:26:33.629Z</updated><title type='text'>Reconhecemo-nos Ainda</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;14.02.2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;As palavras de Luís Miguel Cintra abrem o livro &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ruy Belo: Coisas de Silêncio&lt;/span&gt; (Lisboa: Assírio &amp; Alvim, 2000) com fotografias de Duarte Belo que “registam” a ausência do pai, o poeta Ruy Belo:&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;font color="black"&gt;Reconhecemo-nos ainda. Gostamos do mar e da terra a céu aberto. Árvores, searas, pedras, montes. Da praia. Dos campos. Das igrejas. Das aldeias e das cidades com passado e com ruas muito grandes. Dos textos antigos. De cartas e postais. E dos livros. E do povo. Das procissões. Dos cafés. Do cemitério. De ir ao cinema. Ler o jornal. Mozart e Bach. Não sabemos pôr gravata. Ainda temos camisas aos quadrados e vestimos camisola. Não gostamos da manha e da astúcia. Somos pobres. Temos o sol e só o que nos toca o coração. Alguns amigos mais. E carregamos nos ombros o amor da vida toda e uma enorme saudade de Deus. Somos católicos. Acreditamos na alegria e na pureza. Sabemos que o homem é Deus feito carne.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reconhecemo-nos. Somos assim generosos, é verdade. Sem esforço. E não vamos mudar. Não sei se somos um grupo nem seremos com certeza uma geração, somos uma maneira de ser. E na poesia do Ruy nos encontramos.&lt;p&gt;Sou e quero ser irmão ou herdeiro dessa gente. Como o Duarte, legitimamente. E reconheço nas fotografias do Duarte, como na poesia do Ruy, a passagem das nossas vidas, os lugares, as nossas casas, os objectos a que nos afeiçoámos ou demos sentido, a memória dos nossos corpos, dos nossos encontros, dos nossos grandes amores ou da nossa paixão. A minha casa. Reconheço também o meu pai. Mas reconheço sobretudo o espaço. Ou o tempo. “O Tempo Sim o Tempo Porventura”. Estas fotografias, o seu pudor, são o retrato de uma ausência. São fotografias da morte. Violentas. O que resta de um cidadão, a mudança das idades, as coisas que tinha, os lugares onde esteve ou onde estava, a roupa que vestiu, o que ficou do que escreveu. São o retrato do tempo que foge, imenso. Mas mais ainda, tanto, o retrato do que falta. Falta a vida neste vazio, neste espaço que vai da terra ao céu. E esse espaço, esse vazio, é exactamente o espaço das palavras do Ruy. O espaço do que vive. Perante a morte, constantemente, nesse único momento que se confunde com a solidão mas abraça o mundo inteiro e que nos dá a nós a dimensão da vida. Tão imensa diante do tempo que talvez nem na paixão possa encontrar a sua desejada desmedida. Tão grande que convoca Deus. E já não sabemos de que ausência falamos.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8752716712139562401?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8752716712139562401'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8752716712139562401'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2012/02/reconhecemo-nos-ainda.html' title='Reconhecemo-nos Ainda'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6813092722767642415</id><published>2011-12-09T23:52:00.000Z</published><updated>2011-12-10T00:02:42.292Z</updated><title type='text'>A Música Experimental</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;09.12.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h8S5_CcQkSs/TuKhWf63huI/AAAAAAAADzc/UykzGM1e3Xo/s1600/Aula%2BAberta15_patriciaalmeida.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h8S5_CcQkSs/TuKhWf63huI/AAAAAAAADzc/UykzGM1e3Xo/s1600/Aula%2BAberta15_patriciaalmeida.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5684283087592589026" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6813092722767642415?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6813092722767642415'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6813092722767642415'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/12/musica-experimental.html' title='A Música Experimental'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h8S5_CcQkSs/TuKhWf63huI/AAAAAAAADzc/UykzGM1e3Xo/s72-c/Aula%2BAberta15_patriciaalmeida.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-360263517698112234</id><published>2011-11-17T09:41:00.005Z</published><updated>2011-12-29T17:50:03.446Z</updated><title type='text'>Prescrições e Descobertas</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;17.11.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Participo hoje no painel sobre cinema do XIII Colóquio de Outono do Centro de Estudos Humanísticos da Universidade do Minho, em Braga. Participam também neste painel, Jinhee Choi (King’s College Londres) com “An Uncomfortable Marriage of Film and Philosophy?” e Murray Smith (Universidade de Kent) com “Transparency and Reflexivity in Film”. Estou grato ao Vítor Moura, director do Departmento de Filosofia e Cultura, pelo convite. Partilho ainda a moderação do painel com ele.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A minha comunicação chama-se “Descobertas e Prescrições: A Especificidade do Meio Cinemático Segundo Berys Gaut”:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Em &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;A Philosophy of Cinematic Art&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style="font-size:8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;a href="#[1]"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Berys Baut reavalia a questão da especificidade do meio (&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;medium&lt;/span&gt;) na arte, entre outros tópicos. Contra Nöel Carroll, Gaut defende três afirmações a favor de tal especificidade como verdadeiras e por isso aplicáveis ao cinema. Vou concentra-me apenas na última, que ele articula da seguinte forma: para que um meio constitua uma forma de arte deve instanciar propriedades artísticas que são distintas daquelas que são instanciadas por outros meios. Depois do esclarecimento dos termos utilizados (meio, forma de arte, propriedades artísticas, instanciação), que o filósofo apenas parcialmente faz, esta comunicação defende que os argumentos que ele apresenta para que aceitemos a afirmação como verdadeira não são persuasivos. Como alternativa, proponho uma outra via de resgatar a especificidade do cinema que é descritiva em vez de prescritiva e que está aberta a inesperadas descobertas sobre os seus meios.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;______________________  &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[1]"&gt;&lt;a href="#1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Berys Baut, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;A Philosophy of Cinematic Art&lt;/span&gt; (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-360263517698112234?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/360263517698112234'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/360263517698112234'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/11/prescricoes-e-descobertas.html' title='Prescrições e Descobertas'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4057991448596030313</id><published>2011-11-07T14:41:00.001Z</published><updated>2011-11-07T14:45:29.356Z</updated><title type='text'>Conferências “Cinema e Filosofia”</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;07.11.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1pSstuCN5MA/Trfuinj3s7I/AAAAAAAADwA/xKfNhKMH2ec/s1600/Cartaz_Confs_MS_JC_Final.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1pSstuCN5MA/Trfuinj3s7I/AAAAAAAADwA/xKfNhKMH2ec/s1600/Cartaz_Confs_MS_JC_Final.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5672264534198825906" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4057991448596030313?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4057991448596030313'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4057991448596030313'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/11/conferencias-cinema-e-filosofia.html' title='Conferências “Cinema e Filosofia”'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1pSstuCN5MA/Trfuinj3s7I/AAAAAAAADwA/xKfNhKMH2ec/s72-c/Cartaz_Confs_MS_JC_Final.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-2165438395310166712</id><published>2011-10-27T10:53:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-27T10:53:52.256+01:00</updated><title type='text'>O Aberto de Giorgio Agamben</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;27.10.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jXyQw08BUxQ/Tqkp3ASsHhI/AAAAAAAADuc/KBy8M6S9Vl0/s1600/apresentacao_O_ABERTO_de_Giorgio_Agamben.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jXyQw08BUxQ/Tqkp3ASsHhI/AAAAAAAADuc/KBy8M6S9Vl0/s1600/apresentacao_O_ABERTO_de_Giorgio_Agamben.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5668107630970412562" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-2165438395310166712?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2165438395310166712'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2165438395310166712'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/10/o-aberto-de-giorgio-agamben.html' title='&lt;i&gt;O Aberto&lt;/i&gt; de Giorgio Agamben'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jXyQw08BUxQ/Tqkp3ASsHhI/AAAAAAAADuc/KBy8M6S9Vl0/s72-c/apresentacao_O_ABERTO_de_Giorgio_Agamben.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8142094144320817430</id><published>2011-10-20T19:30:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-21T17:20:34.142+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Brincar a Pensar</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;20.10.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6vThkHlH0fk/TqGbNfprpKI/AAAAAAAADuM/q8lVEjKV5y0/s1600/Convite%2B1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6vThkHlH0fk/TqGbNfprpKI/AAAAAAAADuM/q8lVEjKV5y0/s1600/Convite%2B1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5665980462345725090" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mais informações sobre este livro co-escrito por uma das minhas colegas do Instituto de Filosofia da Linguagem, Dina Mendonça, &lt;a href="www.brincarapensar.pt"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8142094144320817430?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8142094144320817430'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8142094144320817430'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/10/brincar-pensar.html' title='Brincar a Pensar'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6vThkHlH0fk/TqGbNfprpKI/AAAAAAAADuM/q8lVEjKV5y0/s72-c/Convite%2B1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7952941875216537159</id><published>2011-10-12T21:01:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-10-13T00:02:31.585+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Thoughts from Charles Taylor</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;12.10.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;To know who I am is a species of knowing where I stand. My identity is defined by the commitments and identifications which provide the frame or horizon within which I can try to determine from case to case what is good, or valuable, or what ought to be done, or what I endorse or oppose. In other words, it is the horizon within which I am capable of taking a stand.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Sources of the Self&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a certain way of being human that is&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt; my&lt;/span&gt; way. I am called upon to live my life in this way, and not in imitation of anyone else’s life. But this notion gives a new importance to being true to myself. If I am not, I miss the point of my life; I miss what being human is for &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;me&lt;/span&gt;. [...] Each of our voices has something unique to say. Not only should I not mold my life to the demands of external conformity; I can’t even find the model by which to live outside myself. I can only find it within.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Multiculturalism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;We define our identity always in dialogue with, sometimes in struggle against, the things our significant others want to see in us. Even after we outgrow some of these others — our parents, for instance — and they disappear from our lives, the conversation with them continues within us as long as we live.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Multiculturalism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;This crucial feature of human life is its fundamentally dialogical character. We become full human agents, capable of understanding ourselves, and hence of defining our identity, through our acquisition of rich human languages of expression.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Multiculturalism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the light of the ideal of authenticity, it would seem that having merely instrumental relationships is to act in a self-stultifying way. The notion that one can pursue one’s fulfilment in this way seems illusory, in somewhat the same way as the idea that one can choose oneself without recognizing a horizon of significance beyond choice.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Ethics of Authenticity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7952941875216537159?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7952941875216537159'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7952941875216537159'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/02/considering-charles-taylors-philosophy.html' title='Thoughts from Charles Taylor'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-2197727067532093325</id><published>2011-09-29T10:44:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-29T10:52:35.637+01:00</updated><title type='text'>A Filosofia Primeira na Ontologia e na Estética:Manuel Moreira da Silva</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;29.09.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pBLSJ-N56E8/ToQ-RnkogRI/AAAAAAAADtM/jAwD6oHickw/s1600/filosofia_ontologia_estetica_cartaz.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pBLSJ-N56E8/ToQ-RnkogRI/AAAAAAAADtM/jAwD6oHickw/s1600/filosofia_ontologia_estetica_cartaz.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657715504285516050" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-2197727067532093325?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2197727067532093325'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2197727067532093325'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/09/filosofia-primeira-na-ontologia-e-na.html' title='A Filosofia Primeira na Ontologia e na Estética:&lt;br&gt;Manuel Moreira da Silva'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pBLSJ-N56E8/ToQ-RnkogRI/AAAAAAAADtM/jAwD6oHickw/s72-c/filosofia_ontologia_estetica_cartaz.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-474890562971864411</id><published>2011-08-15T06:27:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T15:00:17.598+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Equation of Art</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;15.08.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Today we say all art is political. But I would say all art has to do with ethics. Which after all really comes to the same thing.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;INGMAR BERGMAN&lt;/sMALL&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-474890562971864411?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/474890562971864411'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/474890562971864411'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/08/equation-of-art.html' title='The Equation of Art'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-114579801525821448</id><published>2011-06-20T11:43:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:48:55.618+01:00</updated><title type='text'>O Dulcis Virgo</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;20.06.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BLt4LxXuGb4/Tf8kYHpYrAI/AAAAAAAADXM/a6zmGxw4c0k/s1600/Concerto24Jun_Cartaz.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BLt4LxXuGb4/Tf8kYHpYrAI/AAAAAAAADXM/a6zmGxw4c0k/s1600/Concerto24Jun_Cartaz.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5620250856769760258" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-114579801525821448?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/114579801525821448'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/114579801525821448'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/06/o-dulcis-virgo.html' title='O Dulcis Virgo'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BLt4LxXuGb4/Tf8kYHpYrAI/AAAAAAAADXM/a6zmGxw4c0k/s72-c/Concerto24Jun_Cartaz.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5577650587530493062</id><published>2011-06-20T09:06:00.009+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T15:06:10.957+01:00</updated><title type='text'>On Skepticism</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;20.06.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;If Descartes “discovered for philosophy that to confront the threat of or temptation to skepticism is to risk madness”, then (Cavell thinks) Wittgenstein’s work “confronts this temptation and finds its victory exactly in never claiming a final philosophical victory over (the temptation to) skepticism” — for that (Cavell maintains) “would mean a victory over the human”.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;FERGUS KERR&lt;/sMALL&gt;, OP, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Theology After Wittgenstein&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5577650587530493062?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5577650587530493062'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5577650587530493062'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/06/on-skepticism.html' title='On Skepticism'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-1465431441976609728</id><published>2011-06-08T11:13:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:49:12.403+01:00</updated><title type='text'>II Congresso Regional de Educação Artística (na Madeira)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;08.06.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KoOk0TSR894/Te9Le0JckYI/AAAAAAAADVo/FpmYqu25hXw/s1600/Cartaz_Congresso.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KoOk0TSR894/Te9Le0JckYI/AAAAAAAADVo/FpmYqu25hXw/s1600/Cartaz_Congresso.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5615790253120721282" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-1465431441976609728?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1465431441976609728'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1465431441976609728'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/06/ii-congresso-regional-de-educacao.html' title='II Congresso Regional de Educação Artística (na Madeira)'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KoOk0TSR894/Te9Le0JckYI/AAAAAAAADVo/FpmYqu25hXw/s72-c/Cartaz_Congresso.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5117827253881958318</id><published>2011-06-04T13:16:00.007+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:27:20.184+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ver</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;04.06.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;pois&lt;br /&gt;ver não é habitar&lt;br /&gt;o espanto de as coisas serem?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ver&lt;br /&gt;não é a assombrosa revelação&lt;br /&gt;da nossa cumplicidade&lt;br /&gt;com o lume?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;JOSÉ TOLENTINO MENDONÇA&lt;/sMALL&gt;, “Dos olhos de Rubliev” &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5117827253881958318?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5117827253881958318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5117827253881958318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/06/ver.html' title='Ver'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7457891427059729900</id><published>2011-05-31T17:48:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:50:25.525+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Lumen</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;31.05.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a new, unclassifiable journal. The name says it all or it says all that may be said: &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Lumen&lt;/span&gt;. The preface by Edwin Mak and Matthew Flanagan puts it like this:&lt;blockquote&gt;We have named this journal &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Lumen &lt;/span&gt;as it appeals by metaphor to the notion of discovery, or inspiration: a gesture of clarity in turning toward &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;illumination&lt;/span&gt;, just as physicists measure units of luminous flux by the same name. Our interest is in ideas and the care of their crafting — at times, in admiration of such efforts in themselves — transversal to aesthetic disciplines and historical origins.&lt;/blockquote&gt;The first volume is dedicated to forests. Go &lt;a href="http://lumenjournal.org/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7457891427059729900?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7457891427059729900'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7457891427059729900'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/05/lumen.html' title='Lumen'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3271675112738535169</id><published>2011-03-29T09:48:00.009+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:27:40.909+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Aphorism</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;29.03.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nothing about our lives is more comic than the distance at which we think about them.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;STANLEY CAVELL&lt;/sMALL&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Pursuits of Happiness&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3271675112738535169?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3271675112738535169'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3271675112738535169'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/03/aphorism.html' title='Aphorism'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6134838388199718854</id><published>2011-02-27T11:43:00.008Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:51:10.407+01:00</updated><title type='text'>No Place Like: 4 Houses, 4 Films</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;28.02.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6Whc5W5ubvA/TWo46nJlynI/AAAAAAAADDw/ZC5r2kEParI/s1600/image001.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 598px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6Whc5W5ubvA/TWo46nJlynI/AAAAAAAADDw/ZC5r2kEParI/s800/image001.gif" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5578333668044556914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6134838388199718854?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6134838388199718854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6134838388199718854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/02/no-place-like-4-houses-4-films.html' title='No Place Like: 4 Houses, 4 Films'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6Whc5W5ubvA/TWo46nJlynI/AAAAAAAADDw/ZC5r2kEParI/s72-c/image001.gif' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4367532600303812951</id><published>2011-02-01T18:13:00.012Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:51:56.770+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ambitions</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;01.02.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;When Ludwig Wittgenstein writes that “[a]mbition is the death of thought,”&lt;span style="font-size:8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;a href="#[1]"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; what is he referring to? In English, “ambition” has two meanings. The first is the strong desire to do something, typically requiring resoluteness and hard work. The second is the wish and determination to achieve success. Therefore ambition may be taken either as a drive or as an aspiration. Ambition in the latter sense is a goal that reduces thinking to a means to reach a kind of triumph, which may call for a striving to please. In contrast, the life of thought must be one of dedication, openness, availability, and humbleness.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[1]"&gt;&lt;a href="#1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Ludwig Wittgenstein, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Culture and Value&lt;/span&gt;, revised edn., ed. G. H. Von Wright (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998) p. 88e.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4367532600303812951?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4367532600303812951'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4367532600303812951'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/02/ambitions.html' title='Ambitions'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4953046730317071164</id><published>2011-01-05T06:12:00.007Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:52:16.308+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Artist as Philosopher</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;05.01.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;William Shakespeare puts these words in Hamlet’s mouth: “There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” There is always something else to imagine and to think — something else to create and to dream.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4953046730317071164?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4953046730317071164'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4953046730317071164'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2011/01/artist-as-philosopher.html' title='The Artist as Philosopher'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-1113313331294837279</id><published>2010-07-10T17:33:00.041+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-29T17:53:31.451Z</updated><title type='text'>An Exchange Between Nöel Carroll and Stanley Cavell</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;10.07.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Next week, I shall be in England to participate in the third Film-Philosophy conference. The event will be held at the University of Warwick from 15 to 17 July. This is abstract of my paper, “On Essentialism: Thoughts Between Nöel Carroll and Stanley Cavell”:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Nöel Carroll has been one of the most eloquent proponents of an anti-essentialist view of art, in particular, of cinema. He seems to think that Stanley Cavell holds an essentialist view of film, put forward in his foundational work, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The World Viewed&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style="font-size:8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;a href="#[1]"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and developed in later essays and books. While Carroll admires Cavell’s philosophical readings of particular films, he also criticises his conception of film as essentially connected with photography. The aim of this paper is to provide some thoughts on this exchange between Carroll and Cavell, or more precisely, to compose a conversation between them based on their positions and what they entail. Perhaps their views are ultimately reconcilable.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Carroll rejects the photographic basis of film and instead proposes a definition of the works of the moving image (not moving pictures), an over-arching category that includes films. He avoids essentialism, but we may argue that so does Cavell in his characterisation of film as a &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;succession of automatic world projections&lt;/span&gt;. As D. N. Rodowick rightly points out, this ontology of film does not assume an essentialism or teleology&lt;span style="font-size:8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="2"&gt;&lt;a href="#[2]"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; insofar as it also claims that the possibilities of the medium cannot be determined in advance — that is, that they cannot be deduced from the medium because &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;the medium is not a given&lt;/span&gt;. Cavell is then anti-essentialist in a Wittgensteinian sense, one that does not reject categories so much as defines them from similarities, family resemblances.&lt;span style="font-size:8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="3"&gt;&lt;a href="#[3]"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Therefore, this categorisation does not obscure salient differences between works. It instead invites us to notice them.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This is not to deny the differences between Carroll’s and Cavell’s ideas. They must be acknowledged, but their contributions can be thought of as complementary when all is said and done. They have different conceptions of medium, from simply &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;materials&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;instruments&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;forms&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;uses&lt;/span&gt;, as well. Carroll’s general definition comes from a narrow concept of medium, while Cavell’s restricted definition broadens what counts as media. The former tackles film from a theoretical approach, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;what we may call movies&lt;/span&gt;, the latter from an ordinary perspective, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;what we usually call movies&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;______________________  &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[1]"&gt;&lt;a href="#1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Stanley Cavell, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film&lt;/span&gt;, enlarged edn. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979).&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[2]"&gt;&lt;a href="#2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; D. N. Rodowick, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Virtual Life of Film&lt;/span&gt; (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), p. 42.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[3]"&gt;&lt;a href="#3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; See Ludwig Wittgenstein, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Philosophical Investigations&lt;/span&gt; [1953], 50th Anniversary edn., trans. G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), sect. 67.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-1113313331294837279?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1113313331294837279'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1113313331294837279'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/07/on-essencialism.html' title='An Exchange Between Nöel Carroll and Stanley Cavell'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5787673757597167567</id><published>2010-06-28T15:35:00.035+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:58:33.948+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Acknowledging and Feeling the Everyday</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;28.06.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The impulses of scholarship sometimes encourage a dissatisfaction with everyday existence. Perhaps this is because, at first sight, it seems too “obvious” (and necessarily not sufficiently technical or specialised); perhaps it is because the mundane does not declare its social importance in more directly &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;objective&lt;/span&gt; public language (as political or ideological discourse aims to do); or perhaps matters of the everyday are simply too close to home. The everyday is avoided, therefore, because we find it difficult to establish the distance, the separateness, which would enable us to acknowledge it in significant or rewarding ways.&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;a href="#[1]"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;While discussing Michael de Certeau’s &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Practice of Everyday Life&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="2"&gt;&lt;a href="#[2]"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Andrew Klevan adds that Certeau’s vocabulary “tends to ignore the precise detail of everyday feeling, or the concrete, routine practice of life — such as waiting, or boredom, or writing a diary, or chatting at home, or taking a commuter train into town”.&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="3"&gt;&lt;a href="#[3]"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; He claims that approaches like  Certeau’s reject everyday rhythms as experienced, as &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;felt&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style="font-size: 8.6pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="4"&gt;&lt;a href="#[4]"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Klevan’s is instead a phenomenological approach to the everyday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[1]"&gt;&lt;a href="#1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Andrew Klevan, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Disclosure of the Everyday: Undramatic Achievement in Narrative Film&lt;/span&gt; (Trowbridge: Flicks Books, 2000), pp. 4-5.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[2]"&gt;&lt;a href="#2"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Michael de Certeau, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Practice of Everyday Life&lt;/span&gt;, trans. Steven Rendall (London: University of California Press, 1992), pp. 4-5.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[3]"&gt;&lt;a href="#3"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Klevan, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Disclosure of the Everyday&lt;/span&gt;, pp. 6-7, n. 11.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[4]"&gt;&lt;a href="#4"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Ibid., p. 7, n. 11.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5787673757597167567?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5787673757597167567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5787673757597167567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/06/acknowledging-and-feeling-everyday.html' title='Acknowledging and Feeling the Everyday'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-1350431500073828675</id><published>2010-04-08T10:42:00.013+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T13:58:54.872+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Taste</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;08.04.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am inclined to agree with Pierre Bordieu. Taste has more to do with social stratification than with aesthetic appreciation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-1350431500073828675?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1350431500073828675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1350431500073828675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/04/taste.html' title='Taste'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5288010314587814044</id><published>2010-03-21T13:32:00.015Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:00:17.051+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Seminars Around D.N. Rodowick</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;21.03.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am coordinating a series of research seminars on D.N. Rodowick’s work at the Philosophy of Language Institute of the New University of Lisbon, where I am now a researcher in film and philosophy. This series is part of the research project “Film and Philosophy: Mapping an Encounter” and serves as preparation for Rodowick’s visit to the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of the University and to the Institute from 12 to 14 May 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;23 Mar., 10a.m.-12p.m.&lt;br&gt;“A Máquina do Tempo de Deleuze”, org. Susana Viegas&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;on &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Gilles Deleuze’s Time Machine&lt;/span&gt; (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 Apr. , 10a.m.-12p.m.&lt;br&gt;“Ler o Figural”, org. Susana Nascimento&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;on &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Reading the Figural, or Philosophy After the New Media&lt;/span&gt; (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;27 Apr., 10a.m.-12p.m.&lt;br&gt;“A Vida Virtual do Cinema”, org. Sérgio Dias Branco&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;on &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Virtual Life of Film&lt;/span&gt; (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4 May, 10a.m.-12p.m.&lt;br&gt;“Uma Elegia pela Teoria”, org. Dina Mendonça&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;on “An Elegy for Theory”, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;October&lt;/span&gt; 122 (2007): pp. 91–109.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 May, 10a.m.-12p.m.&lt;br&gt;“Imagens Residuais da Filosofia de Cinema de Gilles Deleuze”, org. Joana Pimenta&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;on &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Afterimages of Gilles Deleuze’s Film Philosophy&lt;/span&gt;, ed. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5288010314587814044?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5288010314587814044'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5288010314587814044'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/03/seminars-around-d-n-rodowick.html' title='Seminars Around D.N. Rodowick'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7794274513265157745</id><published>2010-03-19T16:12:00.015Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:00:34.872+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Stanley Cavell Meets the King of Pop</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;19.03.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amir Khan takes Stanley Cavell’s comments on Fred Astaire as a starting point to approach Michael Jackson in an illuminating essay. Khan grapples with questions like these:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;a href="http://uponthisbankandshoaloftime.wordpress.com/2009/09/13/stanley-cavell-meets-michael-jackson/"&gt;Then why dance? Is a Fred Astaire or Michael Jackson proto-walk a search for the ordinary? If so, then what need have we for extraordinary dance (or language) in the first place?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7794274513265157745?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7794274513265157745'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7794274513265157745'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/03/stanley-cavell-meets-michael-jackson.html' title='Stanley Cavell Meets the King of Pop'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6614204115722746503</id><published>2010-01-13T23:03:00.034Z</published><updated>2011-12-29T17:54:42.195Z</updated><title type='text'>O Belo</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;13.01.2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Relembrando João Bénard da Costa (1935-2009), recupero uma comunicação que ele apresentou no ciclo de conferências &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ecce Homo&lt;/span&gt; que teve lugar na Sé Patriarcal de Lisboa em Maio de 2007 (via &lt;a href="http://www.snpcultura.org/id_o_belo_joao_benard_costa.html"&gt;Secretariado Nacional da Pastoral da Cultura&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Quando me sentei aqui e olhei à volta, pensei que estava numa situação paradoxal. Ou seja, vinha falar sobre o Belo, num sítio que nos impõe imediatamente o conceito de Beleza.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Este é um lugar de beleza. Se podemos secundarizar a Sé de Lisboa em relação a outras grandes catedrais românicas anteriores ou da mesma época, se podemos e devemos recordar todas as destruições, modificações, restauros que sofreu durante os tempos, nenhuma dessas contingências ou comparações diminui a beleza deste espaço.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;E aqui começa a primeira pergunta ou o primeiro mistério. Porquê e a quê chamamos Belo?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A segunda pergunta que podemos fazer, associada a essa, é porque é que, não só na religião católica mas em praticamente todas as religiões, os templos, os lugares de oração, são — ou foram — privilegiadamente lugares de Beleza? Isto acontece no Oriente, no Ocidente, no Japão, na China, na Grécia, no Egipto, etc. Porquê a imediata associação da Beleza a um lugar onde se vai não para admirar uma coisa bela, mas para rezar, para entrar em diálogo com o transcendente, qualquer que seja o nome ou a forma de que esse transcendente se reveste.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Terceira pergunta. Esta associação, que sempre existiu, que perenemente existiu, é uma associação que não encontramos na própria tradição que a funda. Ou seja, se lermos os “Evangelhos”, os “Actos dos Apóstolos” ou as “Epístolas”, ou os outros textos do Novo Testamento, não há praticamente referências estéticas. Em nenhum momento, se nos diz, por exemplo, se Jesus Cristo era belo ou não era belo. E aí, começa a pôr-se uma questão complexa e apaixonante: Jesus Cristo, Deus feito Homem, podia ou não podia deixar de ser belo? Ninguém pode responder radicalmente sim ou não e não há nenhuma fonte histórica que nos diga se o era ou não era. Nem nenhum traço. Não sabemos se tinha os olhos azuis ou os cabelos loiros ou se, pelo contrário, os olhos eram pretos, e castanhos os cabelos. O mesmo se diga de qualquer outra figura da Sagrada Família ou dos Apóstolos. Não há descrições físicas. Fala-se de defeitos físicos, isso sim, mas para a gente anónima: o cego, o paralítico, o surdo, etc. Mas nunca se caracteriza ninguém em termos de beleza. Mesmo de uma figura como Maria Madalena, nunca é dito nada que nos possa fazer saber se era uma mulher bela ou o não era.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Uma excepção. É a conhecida passagem em que Cristo faz a famosa comparação entre os lírios do campo e as vestes do Rei Salomão: “Olhai os lírios do campo que não fiam nem tecem e nem Salomão em toda a sua glória se vestiu como eles“”. Cristo não fala concretamente em beleza, mas fala no que nela está implícito. Vejam como a beleza dos lírios do campo ultrapassa em muito a beleza da corte de Salomão que era, para os judeus, o rei que tinha tido o maior poder e maior riqueza, e em cuja corte tinha havido maior luxo. E nem Salomão, em toda a sua glória, conseguiu ter a beleza que existe na natureza, que existe nos lírios (nem sequer nos lírios cultivados, mas nos lírios do campo). E isto é dito como uma evidência. Não é possível desmentir este facto. Os lírios do campo são mais belos do que as vestes do Rei Salomão.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Todos estes exemplos apontam para a mesma ordem de mistério. Todos são evidentes ou nos parecem evidentes. Percebemo-los imediatamente, mas perguntamos imediatamente: Porquê? Porque é que um lugar como a Sé de Lisboa é Bela? Porque é que os templos sempre estiveram associados à ideia de Beleza? Porque é que há uma tal ausência de referências à Beleza nos Evangelhos? E, quando a achamos, ela refere-se não a uma beleza humana ou criada, não a uma obra de arte, mas refere-se a uma beleza natural, à beleza dos lírios do campo, à beleza de uma flor que cresce espontaneamente.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Eis a questão colocada sempre e ao longo dos tempos, em todas as meditações sobre o Belo e em todas as reflexões sobre o Belo, e a que o Jorge Silva Melo aludiu na intervenção precedente. O Belo é imutável, a Beleza é permanente? Se sim, como podemos abordar o conceito de Belo? Mas se não, a complexidade é a mesma.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Partamos do pressuposto que tudo é relativo. O que hoje é belo para nós deixará de o ser amanhã, mesmo que por amanhã entendamos daqui a muitos séculos. Duma pessoa que nós dizemos ser muito bela, o código de beleza muda com as modas, com os tempos e passado algum tempos já não o será. Mas ao mesmo tempo que isto dizemos, encontramos o seu desmentido permanente. Encontramos uma estátua grega num templo grego. Essa beleza que para nós se impõe ainda como ideal, foi contestada muitas vezes, foi transformada muitas vezes, mas continua a ser o mesmo ideal. E continua a impor-se quase como uma objectividade, como quando se diz uma boca bonita, um nariz bonito, uma paisagem bonita, um mar bonito e de repente este é um dado objectivo, um dado adquirido. E, ao mesmo tempo nós sabemos que esse adquirido, ao contrário dos outros valores transcendentais como o Bem ou a Verdade, é o valor mais ligado aos valores sensoriais.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;O valor, por outro lado, mais ligado a qualquer coisa que podemos referir como o que Cristo disse a S. Pedro: “Não foi a carne nem o sangue quem to revelou, mas o meu Pai que está nos Céus.” Pensamos nisso quando encontramos esse conceito em crianças ou pessoas sem nenhuma educação. Como é que há pessoas que tem acesso imediato ao Belo? Que explicação racional há para dar?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Foi educação? Certamente não serei eu a negar o papel da educação artística que é importantíssimo, a educação do gosto. Mas há mais do que isso. Há qualquer coisa que não vem da educação. Há qualquer coisa que a ultrapassa e a que não é descabido dar o nome de Graça tal como existe no encontro entre duas pessoas, ou no encontro nosso com determinada paisagem, determinado livro, determinado quadro, determinado momento.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;O Jorge Silva Melo contou muitas histórias. Eu contarei uma história que sempre me deixou bastante pensativo. Trata-se de uma criança, de sete ou oito anos, que está a ler &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Os Lusíadas&lt;/span&gt;. De repente, um adulto repara: fenómeno estranho, uma criança a ler &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Os Lusíadas&lt;/span&gt;, e diz-lhe com alguma ironia: “Então estás a gostar? Estás a perceber?” E a criança responde: “Eu não percebo nada mas isto é tão bonito.” Pode ser, como o Jorge Silva Melo dizia há pouco, que exista já um calculismo num miúdo munido de oportunismo, pois sabe que ficará bem visto com esta resposta. Mas pode ser qualquer coisa de completamente diferente. Pode ser que aquela criança esteja a dizer uma verdade profunda. A beleza impõe-se-lhe para além da compreensão. Ou, indo mesmo mais longe: a maravilha é a incompreensão.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Vou contar uma última história. Estava eu no Japão, num templo em Quioto. Um templo chamado da “Eterna Sabedoria”. Quando lá cheguei não pude esconder uma certa decepção. O templo pareceu-me bastante banal, bastante igual a outros que eu já tinha visto. Não que fosse feio, mas nada se me impôs imediatamente. Havia em frente um jardim que se chamava “Jardim do Eterno Nada” com dois pequenos montinhos de areia. Havia ali qualquer coisa de muito forte, mas que não correspondia à minha expectativa. Havia por lá um livrinho daqueles livrinhos de guias para turistas. Comecei a ler o livro e comecei a julgar perceber mais alguma coisa do que estava ali representado ou não representado. Tudo aquilo começou a fazer algum sentido para mim. Comecei a entusiasmar-me com o que estava a ver e, pouco a pouco, a aderir ao templo e a descobrir cada vez mais coisas no templo. Num canto, no chão do templo, estava sentado um monge budista. De vez em quando, olhava para mim. Eu estava visivelmente entusiasmado e ele, a certa altura, perguntou-me: “Então, está a gostar?” Eu disse-lhe: “Estou.” E contei-lhe: “Olhe ao princípio, quando cheguei, tive uma decepção. Não percebi bem isto, mas agora, com o tempo, e com este livro, e com estas explicações, já estou a começar a perceber e estou a gostar imenso.” E ele olhou-me (nunca mais me esqueceu esse olhar sem ironia nenhuma, nem sarcasmo, com uma clareza enorme) e disse-me: “Está aqui há uma hora e está a perceber. Pois eu venho aqui todos os dias, há vinte anos, passo aqui todo o dia e cada dia percebo menos.” É em momentos desses que se sente que a beleza é aquilo de que cada vez se percebe menos e não aquilo de que se percebe mais. Sem dúvida ajudam imenso as explicações. Tudo o que se faz hoje em museus, centros de arte, etc, tudo isso nos situa imenso. Mas o fundamental do encontro, é da ordem do mistério. É perfeitamente inexplicável nesse sentido.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Podem buscar-se muitas interpretações. E podem buscar-se ao longo da história, sobretudo da história da filosofia, inúmeras interrogações sobre um conceito que atravessou fundamentalmente a filosofia grega, que tanto se debruçou sobre o tema do Belo. Platão disse-nos que os primeiros sábios foram Homero e Hesíodo, ou seja, pôs no topo da sabedoria os poetas. Homero e Hesíodo teriam sido os primeiros sábios. E este sentido aparece muitas vezes ao longo da História. Recordo, por exemplo, como aflorado na intervenção inicial do Padre Tolentino de Mendonça, o discurso lapidar com que Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen recebeu nos anos 60 o Prémio da Associação Portuguesa de Escritores, fazendo uma associação profunda e fundamental entre o Belo e o Bem. ”A coisa mais antiga de que me lembro é de uma maçã” disse ela. E depois falou da beleza da maçã, da beleza de Homero e disse que essa experiência estética a tinha feito chegar a uma experiência ética. Quem não tem uma relação justa com as coisas, não a pode ter com os homens nem com o mundo, disse ela. E disse também: Quem tem uma relação justa com as coisas é forçosamente levado a tê-la com os homens.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Numa ordem e na outra estão os mesmos valores. É aquilo a que Heraclito chamou o devir. E é exactamente nesse devir que, sem ainda falar em três virtudes, na verdade, no bem e no belo, onde se engloba muitas vezes a justiça que depois os engloba a todos, somos levados ao mistério dessa beleza harmonizável ou não com tudo o resto. Há uma profunda verdade na afirmação de Sophia feita por outros tantos. Mas sentimos que ela não esgota tudo. Porque sabemos, e esse é um outro grande mistério, que houve quem tivesse ou parecesse ter uma relação justa com o Belo e tivesse a relação mais monstruosa com as pessoas e com o mundo. Aqueles célebres casos dos carrascos dos campos de concentração que iam para casa ouvir quintetos de Schubert, depois de acabarem de ter mandado matar crianças, adultos, velhos, etc. Estes valores podem não coincidir. Estes valores podem não ser exactos. E também o Jorge Silva Melo falou há pouco e recordou Baudelaire e as &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Flores do Mal&lt;/span&gt;, cujo centenário agora se comemora. A primeira grande ruptura, a primeira grande distinção entre o Belo e o Bem, entre uma Beleza ao serviço da harmonia, de adequação aos valores tradicionais a ela ligados, e uma arte que cada vez mais se ia separar desses valores.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Para Homero, o Oceano era o pai das coisas e seguiu-se essa filiação na metafísica do Ocidente, pelo menos de Heraclito até Leibniz. Era no devir, na transformação, (o mar é o que está sempre a fluir) que poderemos encontrar a melhor metáfora para o que simultaneamente nos pode dar um máximo de movimento e um máximo de repouso. Ou seja, que nos pode conturbar e emocionar profundamente e, ao mesmo tempo, nos pode dar uma profunda sensação de paz.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Quantas e quantas vezes eu tenho ouvido e eu próprio tenho dito, a frase: “Quando eu morrer gostaria de morrer ouvindo esta música.” Diz-se, e Jorge de Sena tem um soneto lindíssimo sobre isso, que o Papa Pio XII quis ouvir, morrendo, a 7.ª Sinfonia de Beethoven. Perguntar-se-à: No momento da morte haverá ainda tal apelo a coisas terrenas? Ou será que essa beleza não é da ordem das coisas terrenas mas da ordem que permite a passagem deste mundo a um outro mundo, do mundo sensível ao mundo inteligível? Por isso, como Parménides tantas vezes sublinhou, a arte não lhe parecia admitir, nem um princípio ou um termo. Na esfera inteligível, nem princípio nem termo podiam existir, porque ela é uma esfera perfeita. Inteiramente inteligível, em contradição profunda com o nosso mundo inteiramente sensível.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Platão, sobretudo no &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Fedro&lt;/span&gt;, mas também no &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Parménides&lt;/span&gt;, mantendo-se, no essencial, fiel ao seu mestre, admitiu, para o mundo sensível o heraclitianismo. Foi mais longe: Perguntou se se podia falar de outro belo que não fosse o belo deste mundo sensível. E essa é outra das interrogações profundas que nos atravessam: haverá beleza no outro mundo para quem acredita nele? As representações que dele temos levam sempre a supor uma beleza quase perfeita. Basta ver as inúmeras imagens ou pinturas feitas do Céu. Fra Angelico é um exemplo supremo. Ai parece reinar uma suprema harmonia, uma beleza quase perfeita. Mas nós podemos dizer: “Será que ainda há a possibilidade de um julgamento de beleza? Como será que todos estes valores que têm estado aqui em causa e que estão em causa para nós todos, a bondade, a verdade, podem coexistir num outro mundo, fora deste contexto sensível?”&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Só se pode falar em bondade quando há maldade. Num mundo onde só haja bondade, perde-se o sentido do que é a própria bondade. A mesma coisa para o Belo. Mas será a mesma coisa? Ou seja as antinomias serão as mesmas? Henry Miller disse que não acreditava que houvesse arte num outro mundo. A obra de arte, dizia ele, é uma compensação ao terror que a vida inspira e, para lá deste mundo, não há que procurar essa compensação. Não tenho que me refugiar numa obra de arte. Ninguém concebe que no Céu, mesmo que o admitamos com espaço físico, alguém construa templos ou igrejas, ou pinte ou componha. Há quadros que no-lo mostram: anjos a tocar e a cantar. Mas sabemos que são metáforas, imagens, utilizadas para nós e que essas formas não são necessárias no mundo da perfeita paz e da perfeita alegria.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;É devido à nossa existência sensível que não podemos conceber o que se chama o céu, sem as imagens, e sem as associar à perfeita bondade, perfeita verdade ou perfeita beleza. Mas existirão imagens fora deste nosso mundo sensível? No que em nós subsiste da tradição judaica (que nunca representou outros espaços) aceitamo-lo. Mas no que em nós persiste da tradição greco-romana, a dificuldade em aceder a um além, sem vida de formas, é mais ingrata. Os deuses gregos, podiam ser maus, cruéis. Podiam ser mentirosos ou astuciosos (é certo que quase sempre adquirindo a forma humana para o serem). Podiam ser até feios como Hefestos a quem foi dada como mulher, Afrodite, a deusa da beleza. Mas deuses e deusas rivalizavam entre si nestes atributos sensíveis e terrenos como bem o ilustra o famoso episódio do Pomo da Discórdia quando Hera, Afrodite e Atena pedem a um simples mortal, Páris, que diga, como na &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;História da Branca de Neve&lt;/span&gt;, qual delas é a mais bela. Páris escolheu Afrodite e escolheu-a para sua perdição, pois foi essa escolha, como se sabe, que determinou a guerra de Tróia em que foi o vencido. No mundo sensível valeu-lhe o amor de Helena, a mais bela das mortais. Mas no mundo inteligível, a cólera dos deuses abateu-se sobre ele.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Mas Platão, que nos seus diálogos, sempre separou o mundo do devir do mundo do ser, admitiu na Filebo a permanência do devir no ser, a permanência de formas vivas ou obras de arte, aquilo a que mais tarde Aristóteles chamou substância em acto ou enteléquias. S. Tomás retomou essa ideia com os conceitos de perfeição, proporção e claridade. Como dizia o grande arquitecto Alberti, a beleza era uma tal disposição de partes que não podia ser adulterada, excepto para pior.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Não me cabe neste brevíssimo tempo falar das imensas teorias sobre o Belo mas uma delas teve um longo percurso. O Jorge Silva Melo já falou sobre ela e é a que se baseia no conceito de imitatio. A arte deve imitar a natureza e a natureza é bela porque é criação de Deus.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Também aqui nos havíamos de perguntar: o que é que nos leva a dizer que a natureza é bela? Porque nem sempre o é. Porque há paisagens feias e paisagens monótonas e há paisagens terríveis. Portanto não o é. E porque é que haverá uma imitação de uma ordem na outra quando exactamente a não vemos aplicada a nenhuma ordem?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;É possível dizer-se que as formas são significantes. Mas Clive Bell respondeu tautologicamente a quem lhe perguntou quando é que as formas eram significantes. Quando são obras de arte. Só que podemos dizer exactamente o contrário. Só as obras de arte – por o serem – podem ser significantes.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;A arte e o Belo não se confundem, e nada se confunde perante o nosso olhar a não ser a convicção, que nada consegue fazer abalar, que temos perante certas obras de arte, certas pessoas, certas paisagens. A beleza e só a beleza lhes dão sentido. Essa beleza que tão tardiamente amámos, como dizia Santo Agostinho, mas essa beleza cujo amor pode constituir, no fim, esse supremo lenitivo ou essa suprema resposta ao terror inspirado pela vida ou ao medo que a vida faz. Há um quadro português (um dos mais célebres da história da nossa pintura) que representa Cristo, o “Ecce Homo” no século XV. O momento em que Pilatos aponta Cristo à multidão e diz: “Eis o Homem!”&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Há centenas de milhares de representações em todo o mundo desse momento. Mas não conheço outra em que Cristo tenha os olhos tapados, como neste “Ecce Homo” português cujo autor até se desconhece. Ou seja, um véu cobre o olhar. Só vemos dele a boca, a parte inferior do rosto. Não vemos os olhos. Como se naquele momento, o momento que é o momento da Sua condenação, o momento em que cumpre a Sua missão como Homem e como Filho de Deus, o sentido da vista fosse o sentido que Lhe é retirado. Deixa de ver. Já não pode ver. Para Ele, a beleza do mundo cerrou-se.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Pergunto para terminar: Haverá beleza separável do nosso profundo desejo de atingir outra coisa que nos faça ultrapassar a nossa própria dimensão e, atingindo-a, nos faça ser mais completamente?&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6614204115722746503?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6614204115722746503'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6614204115722746503'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/09/o-belo.html' title='O Belo'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8493395794002681006</id><published>2009-07-29T08:28:00.067+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:39:41.312+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Art, Expression, and Personality</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;29.07.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality. But, of course, only those who have personality and emotions know what it means to want to escape from these things.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;T. S. ELIOT&lt;/sMALL&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Sacred Wood&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8493395794002681006?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8493395794002681006'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8493395794002681006'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/07/art-expression-and-personality.html' title='Art, Expression, and Personality'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4732049013366688975</id><published>2009-07-23T07:04:00.049+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:42:16.902+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Writing on Trees</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;23.07.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Last Friday, I came across an installation that is part of the exhibition &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Walking in My Mind&lt;/span&gt;, currently on show at the Hayward Gallery of the Southbank Centre in London. It is a pop art piece called “Ascension of the Polkadots on the Trees” by Yayoi Kusama, a female Japanese artist. It consists of a group of trees dressed with a red plastic fabric with white spots of different sizes.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Every dressed tree has a warning on the ground: “Do not draw or write on the trees. This is an art work — respect it.” People have been ignoring this cautionary advice and have been writing on the fabric — a lot.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Does this make the work less valuable? Have these signatures, drawings, and writings tainted the work of art? “Ascension of the Polkadots on the Trees” has transformed the trees, giving them a new face. I am sure it made these woody enduring plants more noticeable to those who were used to their repetitive appearance to the point of becoming indifferent to their presence. Writing on these transformed trees is a response. In this context, it may even be construed as a reply to an invitation: here we are, changed, covered as if in plaster, and waiting for the acknowledgement of our intensified presence. Writing is therefore a means of marking that someone noticed them, seizing the opportunity to assert their own presence — “I was here”, that is what these written traces say. For a work like this, placed in a public space, this interaction has to be taken as a reverent reaction. Ignoring the warning signs is a way of not ignoring the art work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4732049013366688975?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4732049013366688975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4732049013366688975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/07/27-writing-on-trees.html' title='Writing on Trees'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7850174796063341072</id><published>2009-07-15T00:02:00.021+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:41:51.738+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Philosophising and Living</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;15.07.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live, according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;HENRY DAVID THOREAU&lt;/sMALL&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Walden&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7850174796063341072?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7850174796063341072'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7850174796063341072'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/07/26-philosophising-and-living.html' title='Philosophising and Living'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7138630306128867898</id><published>2009-07-10T08:14:00.017+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:13:34.718+01:00</updated><title type='text'>New Contemporary Aesthetics</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;10.07.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 2009 issue of &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Contemporary Aesthetics&lt;/span&gt; is &lt;a href="http://www.contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/journal.php?volume=27"&gt;up&lt;/a&gt;. It is a meaty volume that includes essays on performance, film and the unconscious, music and politics, limited editions and additions, intention and interpretation, and motifs and motivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7138630306128867898?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7138630306128867898'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7138630306128867898'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/07/25-new-contemporary-aesthetics.html' title='New &lt;i&gt;Contemporary Aesthetics&lt;/i&gt;'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3683835162190303560</id><published>2009-06-13T16:48:00.014+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:14:04.996+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Contemporary Aesthetics</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;13.06.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href="http://nigelwarburton.typepad.com/art_and_allusion/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Art and Allusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Nigel Warburton has been posting his notes for the course on contemporary aesthetics that he is teaching at Tate Modern. See also his notes for the previous course on modern aesthetics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3683835162190303560?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3683835162190303560'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3683835162190303560'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/06/24-point.html' title='Contemporary Aesthetics'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7421934741781427271</id><published>2009-06-11T12:18:00.036+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:14:24.025+01:00</updated><title type='text'>David Hume and Skepticism</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;11.06.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.ifl.pt"&gt;Philosophy of Language Institute&lt;/a&gt;, a research unit of the New University of Lisbon, will host a colloquium on David Hume and skepticism next week. The program includes papers on naturalism, religion, self-interest, and nature:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;TUESDAY, 16 JUN.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Bruno Pettersen (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), “Hume e Debate Cético Contemporâneo”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Anice Lima de Araújo (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), “Hume e o Naturalismo”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;João Paulo Monteiro (New University of Lisbon), “Cepticismo Religioso, Falibilismo Filosófico”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;WEDNESDAY, 17 JUN.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Rui Romão (New University of Lisbon), “Hume, a Tradição Céptica e o Tema do Interesse Próprio”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Lívia Guimarães (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), “Natureza e Artifício na Filosofia de Hume”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7421934741781427271?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7421934741781427271'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7421934741781427271'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/06/23-hume-and-scepticism.html' title='David Hume and Skepticism'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6171997568412844080</id><published>2009-06-10T11:23:00.022+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:14:37.974+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Art, Aesthetics, and the Sexual</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;10.06.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the next two days, the &lt;a href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/arts/hpa/aestheticsresearchgroup.html"&gt;Aesthetics Research Group of the University of Kent&lt;/a&gt; presents a symposium on sexual imagery and themes in art. Confirmed speakers include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;David Davies (McGill University)&lt;br&gt;Susan Dwyer (University of Maryland)&lt;br&gt;Rob van Gerwen (Utrecht University)&lt;br&gt;Jerrold Levinson (University of Maryland/University of Kent)&lt;br&gt;Alex Neill (University of Southampton)&lt;br&gt;Elisabeth Schellekens (Durham University)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6171997568412844080?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6171997568412844080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6171997568412844080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/06/22-art-aesthetics-and-sexual.html' title='Art, Aesthetics, and the Sexual'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-7041799924298663618</id><published>2009-03-08T10:42:00.017Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:14:58.896+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Aesthetics Research Group at Kent</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;08.03.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Aesthetics Research Group (ARG) is an inter-disciplinary group based at the University of Kent. Its members come from the departments of Film Studies and of History and Philosophy of Art (School of Arts) and also from the department of Philosophy (School of European Culture and Languages). The ARG has a &lt;a href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/sdfva/hpa/aestheticsresearchgroup.html"&gt;web page&lt;/a&gt; — with information about the upcoming two-day symposium &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Art, Aesthetics and the Sexual&lt;/span&gt; and access to audio and video recordings of previous events (including Professor Jerrold Levinson’s ongoing lecture series &lt;a href="http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/01/key-concepts-in-aesthetics.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Key Concepts in Aesthetics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-7041799924298663618?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7041799924298663618'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/7041799924298663618'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/03/21-aesthetics-research-group-at-kent.html' title='The Aesthetics Research Group at Kent'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6712631436143222879</id><published>2009-02-17T15:31:00.018Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:15:27.397+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The European Society for Aesthetics</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;17.02.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much to my fellow countryman Viíor Moura (Minho University, Department of Philosophy and Culture) for letting me know about &lt;a href="http://www.esa.exre.org/joomla/"&gt;The European Society for Aesthetics&lt;/a&gt; — of which I am now a proud member.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6712631436143222879?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6712631436143222879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6712631436143222879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/02/european-society-for-aesthetics.html' title='The European Society for Aesthetics'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3648728215923259491</id><published>2009-01-19T15:41:00.028Z</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:43:09.162+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Key Concepts in Aesthetics</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;19.01.2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Key Concepts in Aesthetics&lt;/span&gt; is the unmissable Leverhulme lecture series to be given this term by &lt;a href="http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/10/levinson-at-kent.html"&gt;Professor Jerrold Levinson&lt;/a&gt; at the University of Kent. It commences this Wednesday and the full schedule is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I. “The Aesthetic” (21 Jan., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;II. “Beauty” (28 Jan., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;III. “Art” (5 Feb., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;IV. “Artwork” (11 Feb., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;V. “Artform” (18 Feb., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;VI. “Artistic Form” (26 Feb., 5pm)&lt;br&gt;VII. “Artistic Expression” (18 Mar., 5:15pm)&lt;br&gt;VIII. “Artistic Interpretation” (2 Apr., 5pm)&lt;br&gt;IX. “Artistic Value” (9 Apr., 5pm)&lt;p&gt;In Levinson’s words: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The aim of this series of lectures is to give listeners an idea of the role played by nine key concepts in the discipline of aesthetics, here understood primarily as the philosophy of the arts. In most of these lectures an attempt will be made to sketch the historical sources of the concept in question, with reference to the most important writings in the history of aesthetic thought, which will then be followed by a selective survey of current approaches to theorizing such concepts, in which survey the views of the lecturer can be expected to loom large.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The first such concept to be investigated, unsurprisingly, is that of the aesthetic, which gives its name to this field of inquiry. Under this rubric we will examine the numerous guises of the aesthetic, such as aesthetic property, aesthetic attitude, aesthetic attention, aesthetic pleasure, and aesthetic experience. Next we turn to the concept of beauty, preeminent among aesthetic properties, and one notably displayed by works of nature as well as works of art; here we will dwell particularly on the often conflicted relationship between beauty and art, especially contemporary visual art, and will also touch on the difference between beauty and sublimity. The problematic nature of contemporary art leads us naturally to the concept of art itself, and to the vexing questions of whether art can be defined and what the point might be of doing so. This will be followed by an examination of the concept of an artwork, in which the bewildering ontological variety of artworks will be to the fore, to be followed in turn by an examination of the concept of an artform, and the closely related ideas of genre and medium.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The remaining four lectures all concern concepts crucial to the understanding, appreciation, and criticism of works of art: artistic form, artistic expression, artistic interpretation, and artistic value. As regards form in art, a central question is what that includes or excludes, and what the importance of such form is for artist and spectator. As regards expression in art, which is an important component of the content of many artworks, we will first distinguish artistic expression from artistic representation, and then inquire into the scope, analysis, and importance of such expression. As regards interpretation in art, an initial concern will be to stress the diversity of kinds of artistic interpretation, and to underline in particular the difference between critical and performative interpretation in the arts; we will then address the thorny issue of correctness of interpretation, whether critical or performative, of a given work of art. We turn finally to the question of value in art, understood in the sense both of the comparative value of one work of art as opposed to another, and of the value of art as a whole. Coming full circle, we will suggest in closing the usefulness of a distinction between artistic value and aesthetic value, at least where the latter is understood narrowly.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3648728215923259491?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3648728215923259491'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3648728215923259491'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/01/key-concepts-in-aesthetics.html' title='Key Concepts in Aesthetics'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-2916606588970342130</id><published>2008-12-09T15:46:00.026Z</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:44:24.532+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Value of Objections</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;09.12.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is the fashion of the present time to disparage negative logic — that which points out weaknesses in theory or errors in practice without establishing positive truths. Such negative criticism would indeed be poor enough as an ultimate result, but as a means to attaining any positive knowledge or conviction worthy the name it cannot be valued too highly [...].&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;sMALL&gt;JOHN STUART MILL,&lt;/sMALL&gt; &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;On Liberty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-2916606588970342130?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2916606588970342130'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2916606588970342130'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/12/value-of-objections.html' title='The Value of Objections'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5123334719351282102</id><published>2008-12-07T15:48:00.018Z</published><updated>2011-12-29T17:57:02.698Z</updated><title type='text'>Personal Identity</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;07.12.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://cdn1.libsyn.com/philosophybites/Christopher_Shields_on_Personal_Identity.mp3?nvb=20081207084132&amp;nva=20081208085132&amp;t=0fa5030a33363d1455a90"&gt;Listen&lt;/a&gt; to philosopher Christopher Shields (University of Oxford) on &lt;i&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/i&gt; talking about personal identity — what makes an individual the same person despite change over time.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;This became a topic of particular interest to me when I was doing research for a paper that I presented in July 2007, &lt;a href="http://www.box.net/shared/0g3bt3c4dk"&gt;“Labyrinths of the Self: Different Characters, Identical Bodies in &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Battlestar Galactica&lt;/span&gt;”&lt;/a&gt;. I used John Locke’s ideas then and, because I am turning this short conference paper into an essay for publication, I later came across Derek Parfit’s work. Shields discuses Locke, but it is refreshing that he also considers examples from classical philosophy. The philosopher argues for a definition of personal identity as involving the “individual life directionality” of a subject.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5123334719351282102?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5123334719351282102'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5123334719351282102'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/12/shields-on-personal-identity.html' title='Personal Identity'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3940594490218862620</id><published>2008-10-17T15:49:00.018+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:48:15.105+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Jerrold Levinson at Kent</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;17.10.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The School of Drama, Film and Visual Arts and the Aesthetics Research Group of the University of Kent have just announced the appointment of Professor Jerrold Levinson as Visiting Leverhulme Professor in Philosophy of Art for 2008-9.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Professor Levinson is Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland, the editor of &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics&lt;/span&gt;, and the author of many significant works in aesthetics and the philosophy of art, including &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Music, Art, and Metaphysics&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Music in the Moment&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;The Pleasures of Aesthetics&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Contemplating Ar&lt;/span&gt;t. Further information on his profile and publications can be found &lt;a href="http://www.philosophy.umd.edu/deptwebsite/people/corefaculty/levinson_jerrold.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Over the course of the year, he will deliver a number of research seminars and act as respondent to papers given by other scholars. In the spring term, he will deliver a series of open lectures on ten key concepts in aesthetics. Updated details on Professor Levinson’s lectures, seminars and other activities will be posted &lt;a href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/sdfva/research/researchevents.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3940594490218862620?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3940594490218862620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3940594490218862620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/10/levinson-at-kent.html' title='Jerrold Levinson at Kent'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5849376506419137652</id><published>2008-07-13T15:54:00.013+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:18:11.521+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Avowal</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt; 13.07.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some days, analytic philosophy is not enough. (Of course, deep down, I know this every day. I just do not admit it.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5849376506419137652?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5849376506419137652'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5849376506419137652'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/07/avowal-1.html' title='Avowal'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-1360246146670799592</id><published>2008-07-09T15:59:00.058+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:18:33.007+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Modest Arrogance</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;09.07.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consider this sentence from Stanley Cavell’s foreword to Eyal Peretz’s &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?book_id=5684%205685%20"&gt;Becoming Visionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;As I have had occasion variously to insist, philosophy is inherently arrogant, arrogating to itself the power of speaking universally, speaking for all (all who will hear), without claiming (indeed disclaiming access to) knowledge that the rest of the world does not possess (those who merely do not know that they possess it).&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;a href="#[1]"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is something profoundly ethical in this confession that instead of weakening the work of philosophy makes it more persuasive; certainly more compelling. This is why Cavell’s writings always seem to me like modest conversations between himself and the reader. He thinks about (his) thinking and reflects on (his) reflections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a name="[1]"&gt;&lt;a href="#1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Eyal Peretz, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Becoming Visionary: Brian De Palma’s Cinematic Education of the Senses&lt;/span&gt; (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), p. xi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-1360246146670799592?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1360246146670799592'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/1360246146670799592'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/07/modest-arrogance.html' title='Modest Arrogance'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-6615926673838679725</id><published>2008-06-30T15:57:00.018+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-29T17:57:58.613Z</updated><title type='text'>Forgiveness and Toleration, Derrida and Locke</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;30.06.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;A French deconstructivist and a British empiricist on the menu. Observe the differences and the similarities.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://cdn2.libsyn.com/philosophybites/KennyAquinas.mp3?nvb=20080628074006&amp;nva=20080629074006&amp;t=06b9c521cd68364d0fa6f"&gt;Listen&lt;/a&gt; to philosopher Robert Rowland Smith explaining and defending Jacques Derrida’s ideas about forgiveness on &lt;i&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/i&gt; — Derrida argued that forgiving the forgiveable is not &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;really&lt;/span&gt; forgiving. &lt;a href="http://cdn3.libsyn.com/philosophybites/John_Dunn_on_Locke_on_Toleration.mp3?nvb=20080630124203&amp;nva=20080701124203&amp;t=0b33877976ddd8d270845"&gt;And&lt;/a&gt; to John Dunn (University of Cambridge) giving a general summary of John Locke’s advocacy of religious toleration on another &lt;i&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/i&gt; podcast.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-6615926673838679725?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6615926673838679725'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/6615926673838679725'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/06/forgiveness-and-toleration-derrida-and.html' title='Forgiveness and Toleration, Derrida and Locke'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5940870594124535514</id><published>2008-06-25T16:03:00.014+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:20:30.866+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Non-Totalising Knowledge</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;25.06.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;I cannot resist. A recent call for papers for &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Drive Culture&lt;/span&gt;, a new on-line journal based at Temple University in Philadelphia, is asking for submissions on the following topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;In a kind of perversion of the spirit of Wikipedia, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Drive Culture&lt;/span&gt; wants to create an encyclopedia that actively aims at a non-totalization of knowledge. Such an encyclopedia would make no pretense to objectivity, but would instead amplify the subjective by allowing multiple entries on single topics. Our hope is that the more we add to it, the less we will know. For our first issue, we would like to start with the letter “A”. We are especially on the lookout for subjects that have escaped Wiki’s radar. Entries should be no more than 750 words and should not hesitate to depart from the objective, didactic approach of the standard encyclopedic entry through humor, absurdity or sarcasm. Any “A” word is acceptable, but here is a list of suggestions to encourage multiple responses to the same subject:&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;abyssinia&lt;br /&gt;acephale&lt;br /&gt;Amazon&lt;br /&gt;American&lt;br /&gt;amputee fetish&lt;br /&gt;apolitical&lt;br /&gt;appendix&lt;br /&gt;petit a&lt;br /&gt;autological words&lt;br /&gt;avatar&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I do not know if I should cheer, laugh, or cry. Maybe this indecision is the first step to non-totalising knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5940870594124535514?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5940870594124535514'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5940870594124535514'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/06/non-totalising-knowledge.html' title='Non-Totalising Knowledge'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3678226169107747279</id><published>2008-04-09T16:07:00.013+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:21:23.519+01:00</updated><title type='text'>The Definition of Art</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;09.04.2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is art? This has become as difficult question to answer especially since Marcel Duchamp put a factory-produced urinal in an open exhibition, signed it “R. Mutt”, and called it “Fountain”. &lt;a href="http://cdn2.libsyn.com/philosophybites/MatraversMixSes.MP3"&gt;Listen&lt;/a&gt; to philosopher Derek Matravers (Open University) addressing this question for &lt;i&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3678226169107747279?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3678226169107747279'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3678226169107747279'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2008/04/matravers-on-definition-of-art.html' title='The Definition of Art'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-5628077925249201342</id><published>2007-12-01T16:14:00.055Z</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:21:56.804+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Kendall Walton Symposium</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;01.12.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The symposium on Kendall Walton and the aesthetics of photography and film began yesterday and it ended today at the University of Kent. For the record — especially for those who did not attend this important event — the following is a list of the talks:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt; FRIDAY, 30 NOV.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Murray Smith (University of Kent), “Welcome and Introduction”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Jonathan Friday (University of Kent), “The Experience of Stillness and Motion in Still Photography”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Patrick Maynard (University of Western Ontario), “Hipshooting: Regarding Photography’s Functions and Its Arts”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Gregory Currie (University of Nottingham), “Pictures of King Arthur”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt; SATURDAY, 1 DEC.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Scott Walden (Nassau Community College/New York University), “Warranted Stills: Disentangling the Epistemic Advantages of Photography”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Tom Wartenberg (Mount Holyoke College), “On the Alleged Ubiquity of Filmic Narrators”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="hangingindent"&gt;Kendall Walton (University of Michigan), “What (Else) Is Special About Photographs?”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-5628077925249201342?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5628077925249201342'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/5628077925249201342'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2007/12/kendall-walton-symposium.html' title='Kendall Walton Symposium'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4975118364715958610</id><published>2007-11-22T16:09:00.047Z</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:51:33.525+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Reading Kendal Walton (2): Transparency</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;22.11.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_9bzu8UzcM-w/Sen-4Ff8UDI/AAAAAAAACKM/Rmrfe8Z3B3U/s1600-h/Late+Spring.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 299px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_9bzu8UzcM-w/Sen-4Ff8UDI/AAAAAAAACKM/Rmrfe8Z3B3U/s800/Late+Spring.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5326068273844604978" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Look at this still from &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Banshun&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Late Spring&lt;/span&gt;, 1949). Is it just an &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;image&lt;/span&gt;? Or do we &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;see&lt;/span&gt; something? Two people walking afar on a beach. Two bicycles in the foreground, partially framed. Do we merely see these elements or do we equally see the scene?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;In “Transparent Pictures”, Kendall Walton argues that still and motion pictures are &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;transparent&lt;/span&gt;. This means that we see through and by means of them the elements and scenes photographed. They mediate &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;how we see&lt;/span&gt; and simultaneously &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;let us see&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;We literally see the bicycles, the people, the sea, and the beach. Obviously, these things are not in front of us, they are not tangible. With this idea, Walton is not confusing &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;the picture&lt;/span&gt; with &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;what the picture shows&lt;/span&gt; — a photo of a bird is evidently not a bird. What he contends is that seeing a picture is like looking at a mirror or gazing using a telescope. We see indirectly, but we see nonetheless. We see through their transparency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 8.2pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;“Reading Kendal Walton”: &lt;a href="http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/04/7-reading-walton-1-make-believe.html"&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4975118364715958610?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4975118364715958610'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4975118364715958610'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/04/reading-walton-2-transparency.html' title='Reading Kendal Walton (2): Transparency'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_9bzu8UzcM-w/Sen-4Ff8UDI/AAAAAAAACKM/Rmrfe8Z3B3U/s72-c/Late+Spring.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4648853875904773979</id><published>2007-11-20T15:10:00.019Z</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:51:59.370+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Reading Kendal Walton (1): Make-Believe</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;20.11.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;What kind of emotions do fiction films elicit in us? They seem to be different from everyday emotions. We do not really believe in the content of fictions — for instance, that the alien in &lt;i&gt;Alien&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (1993) actually exists. And we also do not react as if the content is real — for example, we do not bolt when the monster runs towards the camera. This sounds correct. Then why are we so often caught up while watching a film?&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;In “Fearing Fictions”, Kendall Walton argues that when we watch a film we  participate in a game of make-believe with the fiction world. We do not believe, &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;we make believe in what we see and hear&lt;/span&gt;. And it is because we do so that we voluntarily watch films like &lt;i&gt;Alien&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; despite our resultant horror, instead of simply avoiding its horrific monster.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Make-believe is fundamentally distinct from, for instance, half-belief or the suspension of belief. The latter presupposes an uncertainty that, according to Walton, is absent from make-believe. The model for this process is the children’s game of make-believe. Both activities follow implied rules that are accepted by the player. Both rely on the participant’s imagination to allow an engagement with what is fictional.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4648853875904773979?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4648853875904773979'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4648853875904773979'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/04/7-reading-walton-1-make-believe.html' title='Reading Kendal Walton (1): Make-Believe'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4640875882951836807</id><published>2007-11-17T14:40:00.020Z</published><updated>2011-09-04T17:52:12.824+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Kendal Walton</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;17.11.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor Kendall Walton is coming to Kent at the end of this month for a symposium about his writings on photography and film. Until the event, I shall write a series of posts explaining some of his ideas. It is a way of engaging with his influential work and preparing for the two-day conference.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Kendall Walton teaches philosophy at the University of Michigan. His &lt;a href="http://sitemaker.umich.edu/klwalton/home"&gt;web page&lt;/a&gt; succinctly informs us about his research and academic history:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Much of Professor Walton’s work consists in exploring connections between theoretical questions about the arts and issues of philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and philosophy of language. His book &lt;i&gt;Mimesis as Make Believe: On the Foundations of the Representational Arts&lt;/i&gt;, develops a theory of make-believe and uses it to understand the nature and varieties of representation in the arts. He has written extensively on pictorial representation, fiction and the emotions, the ontological status of fictional entities, the aesthetics of music, metaphor, and aesthetic value. He has held fellowships from the NEH, the ACLS, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Stanford Humanities Center. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and President of the American Society for Aesthetics.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4640875882951836807?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4640875882951836807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4640875882951836807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2007/11/6-walton.html' title='Kendal Walton'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8097328220458621226</id><published>2007-09-27T13:22:00.015+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:26:19.109+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Noël Carroll at Kent</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;27.09.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor Noël Carroll (Temple University) is presenting a paper today at the University of Kent titled &lt;a href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/sdfva/Events/carroll.html"&gt;“The Problem with Movie Stars”&lt;/a&gt;. He is one of the most influent philosophers of art working within the analytic tradition. Carroll has had a major influence on my work through his writings on mass art and the moving image. Unfortunately, I am not in Canterbury and shall miss this opportunity. I would call this a problem with space and time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8097328220458621226?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8097328220458621226'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8097328220458621226'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2007/09/5-carroll-at-kent.html' title='Noël Carroll at Kent'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-4878316497431284777</id><published>2007-09-24T13:19:00.015+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:26:35.899+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Philosophy as Art</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;24.09.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://cache.libsyn.com/philosophybites/ReeMix.MP3"&gt;Listen&lt;/a&gt; to philosopher Jonathan Rée talking about the artistic features of the writings of some philosophers for &lt;i&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-4878316497431284777?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4878316497431284777'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/4878316497431284777'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2007/09/4-philosophy-as-art_24.html' title='Philosophy as Art'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8871395768797749176</id><published>2007-09-22T13:01:00.016+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:27:02.097+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ornithology and Birds</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;22.09.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;The British philosopher Nigel Warburton (Open University) recently resurrected his blog &lt;a href="http://nigelwarburton.typepad.com/art_and_allusion/"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Art and Allusion&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. It contains interviews and essays that are valuable for anyone interested in aesthetics and philosophy of art. It also has a great epigraph from Barnett Newman. A sentence that we, researchers in this field, should bare in mind and ponder over at all times:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Aesthetics is for the artist as ornithology is for the birds.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8871395768797749176?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8871395768797749176'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8871395768797749176'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2007/09/3-ornithology-and-birds.html' title='Ornithology and Birds'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-2646141268821963389</id><published>2007-08-30T13:24:00.019+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:28:03.376+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Moral Conflicts</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;30.08.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simon Blackburn, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, has been interviewed for &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;Philosophy Bites&lt;/span&gt;. You can listen to it &lt;a href="http://69.16.188.110:80/g9z6c6z5/cds/p/8/d/4/8d4fbae9dd114fee/BlackburnRelMixSess.mp3?sid=372ce0ed38e1104143110ec68288a0b4&amp;l_sid=18828&amp;l_eid=&amp;l_mid=1729914&amp;dopvhost=hw.libsyn.com&amp;doppl=08c451eb45eb4b8b45bb4b8b00abf7a5&amp;dopsig=a6743d26895cdb3bfc0def329483fbf6"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The philosopher begins by discussing moral relativism and disagreement, and then argues for his own position known as quasi-realist.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-2646141268821963389?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2646141268821963389'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/2646141268821963389'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/04/2-moral-conflicts.html' title='Moral Conflicts'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8946665349272493935</id><published>2007-08-21T16:14:00.030+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-29T18:00:09.661Z</updated><title type='text'>Video Games as Art?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;21.08.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is not something that I am interested in researching, but it is intriguing. I do not play video games and know little about them and yet I think this is far from an irrelevant question. We have to consider the limits — and even the limitations — of the definitions of art to attempt an answer.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Aaron Smuts approaches the most important issues raised by this question in his short article &lt;a href="http://www.aesthetics-online.org/articles/index.php?articles_id=26"&gt;“Video Games and the Philosophy of Art”&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Two excerpts:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The most salient feature of the debate is the absence of the most common criticism of mass art — the passivity charge. Given the interactive nature of video games, there is simply no room for the charge of passivity. Video game players are anything but mentally or intellectually passive during typical game play for, as Collingwood might put it, video games are possibly the first concreative, mechanically reproduced form of art: they are mass artworks shaped by audience input. Interactivity marks a crucial distinction between decidedly non-interactive mass art forms such as film, novels, and recorded music and new interactive mass art forms. Sadly, this important distinction has yet to be examined in any satisfactory manner.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;[...] Although Kantian aesthetics puts play as one of the central features of aesthetic experience, relatively little has been written on the relationship between art, play, and games. As a result, if we were to consider some video games as art, it is not clear just what kind of art they would be. Perhaps, games are more like performative artworks where the artwork is intended for the performers. However, since philosophical aesthetics has almost ignored the aesthetic experience of artists and the performers of artworks, such a classification would shed little light.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8946665349272493935?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8946665349272493935'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8946665349272493935'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2009/04/exp.html' title='Video Games as Art?'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-8789590436531055816</id><published>2007-08-16T19:54:00.016+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:28:23.735+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Estética e Outras Filosofias</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;16.08.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Em &lt;i&gt;Corriente Alterna&lt;/i&gt;, Octavio Paz escreve que a “‘arte’ é uma invenção da estética, que por sua vez é uma invenção dos filósofos”. O mesmo é dizer, a arte é uma criação humana e é também um conceito desenvolvido ao longo da história do pensamento. Estas breves notas sobre arte e temas filosóficos relacionados são uma forma de lidar com esta rede de ligações — que liga a estética e a filosofia da arte a outras filosofias.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-8789590436531055816?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8789590436531055816'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/8789590436531055816'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/01/estetica-outras-filosofias.html' title='Estética e Outras Filosofias'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7480472569814699461.post-3902507207548783120</id><published>2007-08-15T19:54:00.017+01:00</published><updated>2011-09-03T14:28:15.460+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Aesthetics and Other Philosophies</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: 7.3pt;"&gt;15.08.2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Alternating Current&lt;/i&gt;, Octavio Paz writes that “‘art’ is an invention of aesthetics, which in turn is an invention of philosophers”. That is to say, art is a human creation and it is also a concept developed throughout the history of thought. These jottings on art and related philosophical topics are a way of coming to grips with this network of connections — that connects aesthetics and philosophy of art to other philosophies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7480472569814699461-3902507207548783120?l=aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3902507207548783120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7480472569814699461/posts/default/3902507207548783120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://aestheticsphilosophies.blogspot.com/2010/01/aesthetics-other-philosophies.html' title='Aesthetics and Other Philosophies'/><author><name>Sérgio Emanuel Dias Branco</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry></feed>
